Friday, February 1, 2019

Who Were the Vestals?



Growing up I considered myself a mix of South and Scott. If asked, I could have come up with my grandparents’ parents’ last names, I think. CE South, or Granddad South as my father Dan called him, had two parents, of course, and a wife. Working back to CE South’s grandparents, we have covered only the family lines that connect to his South father’s line. CE’s mother was Priscilla Adeline Vestal South. So as we cover the Vestals and all the lines we can find that flowed into her family, know that our goal is their relation to Priscilla Adeline Vestal.

I am in contact with some living Vestals and want to give them credit for sharing some wonderful pictures and information very generously: Larry Sells, husband of Joan Vestal Sells, and Mindy Vestal Miller. Both these individuals have proven invaluable in my Vestal work.

We have literally hundreds of explained DNA matches with the Vestals between the five of us in our charted group: me, Bob, Michael Wilson-South, Elaine Lee, and Lee South. This group is going to grow soon since Amy Faye Webb Faircloth Jacques has sent DNA off to Ancestry. That will give us two of CE South’s grandchildren, Amy and Lee, and four great grandchildren. I am going to start with the Vestal paternal lines and work my way across the Vestal half of CE South’s fan chart to Priscilla Adeline Vestal’s maternal lines. And eventually I'll add in the Wrights and Rosenbalms. It's not over til it's over, cousins.


The Vestal Line

William Vestal or Vestall (1667-1701) 7xggf Immigrant from England and his wife Alice Glover Brunsden (1663-1709) 7xggm Immigrant from England

Family tradition is that two brothers, William and Daniel Vestal (or Vestall) left from London, England, in 1683. Daniel died at sea, and William, sixteen years old, arrived in 1683, the year after William Penn had founded Philadelphia and opened the way for over 2000 mostly Quaker immigrants to come to the colony. He married  a Quaker widow, Alice Glover Brunsden, in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1692. Alice had three children with her from her first marriage, and one of the earlier documents mentioning William Vestal is his appearance in 1692 before the court to assume guardianship for these Brunsden children. Alice, according to documents of the Brandywine Baptist Church at Chadds Ford in Chester County, Pennsylvania, was baptized in 1698, a big departure for a Quaker. This was likely due to the split among the Quakers caused by George Keith at that time. The record for the court sessions in 1694 states that William was appointed Constable for Birmingham Township, but their home was at Westtown Township on Brandywine Creek until about 1737. There is a deed record in 1694 for one hundred acres of land in Concord, a settlement now in Delaware County, but at that time in Chester County. In 1696 there is a deed for 216 acres on Brandywine Creek for John Buffington and William Vestall; 1701 the two purchased two more tracts for 49 acres and 169 acres, the smaller tract of 49 acres for Vestall. William had an adjoining tract from 1699 for 125 acres. Most of this land came from original grants given to William Penn. The family experienced a great tragedy in 1699 when one of William’s children, Sarah, drowned in a pond. William wrote his will in 1702, leaving the property he occupied to his wife for the remainder of her life, then to his son William who was to pay at the time he comes into possession some money and cattle to the other children. This will is on record in Chester County, Pennsylvania.

Alice was born in Ichingwell, Kingsclerc, Hampshire, England to George Glover and Alice Lamboll Glover. She was raised as a Quaker, her uncle William Lamboll being well acquainted with George Fox, one of the founders of The Friends. In fact William Lamboll had purchased 625 acres from Penn before Penn sailed for America. Lamboll had gifted one hundred acres to Alice when she arrived in the colonies with her first husband John Brunsden and her parents, George Glover and Alice Lamboll Glover (8xgg parents). The uncle, William Lamboll, never came to the colonies. When Alice married William Vestal, she was condemned at Meeting for marrying outside the Society of Friends, but she was accepted back after a public apology to the meeting. Alice and her parents and at least one of Alice’s Brunsden children Hannah left the Society of Friends (Quakers) to join the Baptists, most likely 7th Day Baptists. Alice Vestal died in 1709, not long after William. The Glovers outlived their daughter. The Vestals and Glovers all lived in Chester County, Pennsylvania, where there was a Society of Friends meeting already established when Penn arrived in America.

 A Little Bonus Information on Quakers, Keithians, and Baptists in Pennsylvania

In the Reformation era of the Christian church, various groups desired different levels of change from the once-established Catholic Church. In England, Henry VII sought to sever ties with Rome and its hierarchy of bishops convents and monasteries, but he actually wanted little change in the Church once it became the Church of England. As people wanted more control over their worship, some became Puritans who wanted the Church to change, but as time went on, they saw that becoming Separate from the Church was realistically the only course of action. These Separatists were forced to leave England for Holland and the colonies or suffer imprisonment and sometimes death for their beliefs.

In the mid-1600s some of the Protestants breaking away from the Church of England began to preach that Christ has come to teach the people Himself, and that no church structure is necessary for establishing a relationship with God through Christ. They believed in the universal priesthood and that all believers were capable of studying the Bible and having a relationship with God. They focused their private lives on developing behavior and speech that reflected the purity and light of God. They were known for their use of thee as a pronoun, refusal to participate in war, plain dress, refusal to swear oaths, opposition to slavery, and sobriety. They were often successful in commerce. They were also quicker to allow women equal status in worship. They were most commonly known as Friends of the Truth or Friends of the Light. Today most Quakers have a planned service and a chosen minister, but there are still those Quakers whose services are mostly quiet as they wait until someone is moved to speak; usually there are among them “recorded ministers” known for their gift of spoken ministry.

One of the earliest English Quakers was George Fox. The name for Quakers came, some believe, from Fox admonishing the magistrate Gervase Bennet who had called Fox to court for blasphemy, telling him he should tremble before the Lord. Quaker became a sort of derisory name that eventually many of the Friends grew accustomed to use for themselves. Fox set up a system of Meetings that were fairly autonomous; this helped avoid a cult of personality and ensured the Society of Friends would outlive Fox. One of Fox’s close friends was William Lamboll, whose niece Alice Glover married William Vestall as her second husband in the colonies. By 1660 there were over 50,000 Quakers in England.  During the 1700s the Quakers became more inward looking spiritually and less active in conversion of others. Marrying outside the Society of Friends was outlawed. There were a number of splits among the Quakers, two of which were the Hicksite and Orthodox split and the Keithian split.

George Keith was born in Scotland to Presbyterian (Protestant) parents in 1639. In the 1660s he joined the Society of Friends and accompanied George Fox, William Penn, and Robert Barclay (founder of Barclay Bank) to the Netherlands and Germany in 1677. Barclay was made a non-resident proprietor of New Jersey; Keith traveled to the colonies on his behalf to become Surveyor-General. He was the first to make the line between East Jersey and West Jersey [go all the way back to Thomas South in this blog for more on that.]. In 1691 he began to feel that the Quaker settlers had strayed too far from other Protestant faiths, and he broke with the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. One of the biggest differences he held was belief that a Christian should be baptized. Keithian Baptists, sometimes called Quaker Baptists, kept the language,dress, and manners of Quakers but insisted on baptism. Keith published some papers against slavery, one of the earliest in America to do so. Keith did not stay to nourish his Baptists. He left the colonies and was ordained a minister in the Church of England in 1700, but his influence on the Brandywine Baptists has lasted into our time, with that church still active today, although with its half-Quaker roots perhaps not very prominent. Some of his followers returned to the Quakers.

The Hicksite and Orthodox split in the early 1800s was both religious and socioeconomic. As many Quakers became more urban and wealthy in cities like Philadelphia, there was a split by the the more agrarian, rural, and less affluent Quakers who believed that the market economy of the more urban areas was corrupting, and that spirituality was sacrificed by those who wanted the Quakers to more resemble other Protestant groups. The Hicksites believed Bible study secondary to the individual cultivation of the light within. Genealogists studying Quaker records which provide good records of births, marriages, and deaths, sometimes have to choose between Hicksite records or Orthodox Quaker records.


Some Interesting Maps for the Vestals



This is a map of the southeast portion of Pennsylvania. Above the D in Maryland, one can see Chester County and below that Delaware County. Delaware County expanded over time to take more of Chester County. Looking carefully to the right of Delaware County one sees Philadelphia County where Philadelphia is located.


Chester County Map


 This is the SE portion of Chester County where Westtown is located. It was the home of William Vestall. Note that Birmingham is south and slightly west of Westtown. 


William Glover Vestal (1692-1745) 6xggf We have 142 explained DNA matches with William Glover Vestal and his wife Elizabeth Mercer Woodward Vestal as the common ancestors.

William Glover Vestal was born to William Vestall and Alice Glover Brunsden Vestal in Birmingham township of Chester County, Pennsyslvania, He married a widow, Elizabeth Mercer Woodward in 1716 at Westtown, Chester County, Pennsylvania in 1716. He was associated with the Kennett Monthly Meeting of Quakers. He lived on the Brandywine Creek land willed to his mother and then to him, and is on the tax rolls for Bradford Township, Pennsylvania from 1715-1726. He may have moved first to Maryland, but we know that by 1734 he purchased a large holding in Orange County, Virginia, which became Frederick County, Virginia. He and his son John began to build on this land, just east of the present town of Charleston, West Virginia. While building a stone house, they were attacked by Indians and ran across the Shenandoah River to a mountain. They brought a yellow rock back with them to mark where they had left off building. According to Norris’s 1890 book on the history of Frederick County, that house was still standing at the time with an inscription on one end with faint writing either Vest, Vesta, or Vestal. Norris further states that in the List of Surveys made by George Washington for Lord Fairfax, there are three mentions of the name Vestall. In 1742 a contract was made between William Vestal and four others for the construction of an iron bloomery for the making of bar iron.

William Glover Vestal is perhaps best known for his iron bloomery:
 “said to be the first one erected east of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Virginia (one mile east of Mechanicsville, West Virginia). It was in operation until after the Civil War. Upon the death of William Vestal in 1745 this land and the Vestal interests in the bloomery were taken over by his son John. When the land passed out of the Vestal family is not known….The remains of the old furnace are still standing…The district around the bloomery is known as “The Bloomery Neighborhood.”  (Davis, Earl, 1940) [I found this same quotation numerous times but could not locate the original item]. 

Minnie Speer Boone in her 1956 book Our Family Heritage” published in 1956, says that it was only a few miles south of Harper’s Ferry. David Allen in his 2004 article “Jefferson County Ironworks” for the Appalachian Blacksmiths Association Newsletter that Vestal’s plantation (land holding, not necessarily a plantation in the way we think of movie versions like Tara or Oak Alley) had all the right things for an iron works: iron ore, limestone for a fluxing agent, a strong flowing spring to power the water wheel which cranked the bellows, and a large tract of woodland to provide the wood for charcoal to make the fire. It would take 130 or more bushels of charcoal to make one ton of iron. The iron would form lumps or “blooms,” hence the name bloomery. The bloom would be hammered out, folded, welded, and hammered again. The bars typically measured 3 feet long and 2” wide, with a weight of about forty pounds. Bar iron was the raw material for the blacksmith to use in axes, hammers, knives, hoes, and plows. A skilled blacksmith could make needles, fish hooks, forks or spoons, links for a chain or hinges for a door. Allen thinks that Vestal’s Bloomery and the local blacksmiths put Harpers Ferry “on the map.”



This historical marker for the Vestal Bloomery was once on VA Rt. 9 near the Shenandoah River

One noteworthy thing is that all four Washington brothers, George, Samuel, John Augustine, and Charles, sons of Augustine and Mary Ball Washington, had lands in the lower Shenandoah Valley, first in the county of Frederick which became Berkeley County. Several sources mentioned George Washington's diary entry about visiting the bloomery.

William Vestal left no will, but his wife Elizabeth posted a bond of one thousand pounds at Winchester, Virginia, after her appointment as executrix of his estate and an inventory was made of his personal estate without real estate which presumably had already passed to John.


This is snippet of a map of NW Virginia, Frederick County, and the town of Winchester shown in the Shenandoah River Valley between the Blue Ridge Mountains and what is labeled the North Mountains.


In 1751 Elizabeth and two sons, William and Thomas, went to North Carolina, settling in the vicinity of the Cane Creek Monthly Meeting [more on this below]; their records state that they came from the Hopewell Monthly Meeting which was in Frederick County (not near the present town of Hopewell, Virginia). It was the oldest Quaker meeting in the Shenandoah Valley. Eventually the whole family was connected to the Cane Creek Monthly Meeting. William Glover Vestal and Elizabeth Mercer Woodward Vestal had seven children.


James Mercer Vestal (1727-1793) 5xggf  We have 46 explained DNA matches with the common ancestors given as James Mercer Vestal and his wife Mary Orchard Jay.

James Mercer Vestal was born sometime between 1727 and 1730. At this time the Vestal family was on the move from Pennsylvania to Frederick, Virginia, so different researchers put his birth in Chester County, Pennsylvania, and others place it in Maryland. One has to marvel at the early pioneers—they barely scratched out any comforts where they were before they packed up and moved to a more rustic place. Although he did not come with his mother to Cane Creek, North Carolina, James must have joined them by 1751 when his marriage intention to Mary Jay was announced. He and Mary had eight children. They lived in Surry County which became Yadkin County. It appears that his sister, Mary Vestal, had also married a Jay, William Jay, back in Frederick County, Virginia. Quaker Meeting records show that both were condemned for marrying out of the Quaker Meetings. James was also condemned in 1765 for strong drink and “disowned” from Cane Creek Meeting after others “labored with him” to no avail.

There are various deeds on record in Chatham County, NC, about land dealings. It is hard to parse these records since the Vestals seemed to prefer the name James to all others for boys, and the counties in North Carolina changed from Bladen (1734) with parts going to Orange County in 1752, and Chatham County (1771) coming from parts of Orange County. Then Alamance County was made from parts of Chatham County. And as I stated, Surry County lost part to be Yadkin County. Surry and Yadkin Counties in the map below are the last band of counties in the yellowish Piedmont section before the green section that the map shows as “Mountain” counties. Chatham County is pretty much dead center of the map below. 


James and Mary Jay Vestal had nine children before Mary died in 1782 in Surry County, North Carolina. James married then Phoebe Allen. James died in 1793 and his will is on record in Surry County.




This snapshot of the cover of the Cane Creek Monthly Meeting Remembrance Book of 1942 shows the various buildings used for Meeting.




Cane Creek Monthly Meeting of the Society of Friends (Quakers)



 The Quakers are well known for keeping great records, and they have a great many on the Vestal family, starting back with the Concord Meeting in Pennsylvania, and proceeding to the Hopewell Meeting in Frederick County, Virginia, and then to the Cane Creek Meeting in North Carolina. This was apparently a fairly common route that many Quaker families took. Most of these Meetings still exist and minister to families in those regions to this day. The Cane Creek Meeting, as shown above, began in log structures in 1751. It is in present Alamance County, NC, and has been a gathering place for over 240 years. The area is called Snow Camp. It was settled by Scots-Irish Presbyterians, Lutheran and Reformed German settlers, and Quakers. Quakers from Scotland, England, and Ireland came looking for a better life. Some of the first members of Cane Creek Meeting were Elizabeth Vestal and her children. Here is a quote from Bobbie Teague, author of Cane Creek: mother of meetings, published in 1995:

These early settlers of the community called Cane Creek had proven themselves to be strong, God-fearing people. In just a few years they had built their homes, provided for their livelihoods, and established a monthly meeting which continues to this day.


 


James Vestal Jr. (1768-1855) 4x ggf  We have 7 explained DNA matches with the common ancestors given as James Vestal and Nancy Ann Swaim Vestal.

James Vestal Jr. was born in 1768 to James Vestal Sr. and Mary Jay Vestal in Surry County, North Carolina.  There is an alternate birth from his death record with the birth given in Orange County, North Carolina in the year 1770. He was the tenth child of ten to Mary and James Sr. In his father’s will he is called Jesse and is given the fifty acres James Sr. was living on and all its appurtenances except for seven acres and the home James Sr. was living in to his wife during her lifetime. The first United States census was in 1790 and James appears on it living in Surry County, NC. There is a marriage between a Martha Cassada (Cassidy) and Jesse Vestal that does not show ages in 1791 in Surry County, NC, but some researchers give this marriage to James Vestal Sr. rather than to James Jr. The census records for him in 1800 shows him living in Salisbury, Surry County, NC. 1800 is also the year given of his marriage to Nancy Ann Swaim. This marriage is not recorded in Surry County records, but I am convinced of it since we have over 50 explained DNA records with Swaims or people in that line as the common ancestor; there are several family trees that show this marriage as well. The census in 1810 lists him in Surry County; the 1820 census lists him in “Capt. Williams District,” Surry County; the 1830 census lists him in Surry County; the 1840 census shows that he moved to Washington County, Virginia. It is a real shame that we cannot find James in the 1850 census for either Virginia or North Carolina because 1850 was the year that census records began to show family member names as well as the head of household. Vestal researchers would all consider locating him on an 1850 census like striking gold. There are two records of his death in Washington County, Virginia, in 1855, but I could not find a record of his will. There are two more marriage records for a James Vestal in Surry County, one to Anna Whitehead in 1816 (this would have been after the birth of the last child between James and Nancy Ann Swaim Vestal but well before Nancy’s death in 1854), and another to Sarah Mary “Sally” Martin in 1819. I don’t think Vestal researchers know what to make of those, nor do I.

  
Jay Vestal (1808-1848) 3xggf  We have 18 explained DNA matches with the common ancestors given as Jay Vestal and Hannah Johnson Vestal.

Jay Vestal was the seventh child of James Vestal Jr. and Nancy Ann Swaim. He was born in Surry County, North Carolina in 1808. He married Hannah Johnson in Greene, Tennessee, in 1829 and possibly lived there shortly before moving to Washington County, Virginia. Greene County, TN is not far from Washington County, Virginia, but further from Surry County, NC. He is shown on the 1830 census in Surry County, NC, and in 1840 in Washington County, Virginia, where his father and siblings moved the same time. The 1840 census tallies with the number of his family at that time. That he is named Jay helps cement in my mind the marriage between his grandfather James Mercer Vestal and Mary Orchard Jay.

The “Vestal Family File” at the Washington County Historical Society Research Center in Abingdon, Virginia, says, “They made stoneware at Oscoola, Virginia, five miles south of Abingdon. They made rough pottery for crocks, jugs, and churns.” There are some instances of this pottery still in existence, and today the pots are highly prized by collectors. The pieces were sometimes signed. Jay's death is recorded in Washington County, Virginia, in 1855. Jay died young, but his wife Hannah lived many years after him.



Painting by Virginia Smith of Vestal Cabin “up Fisher Hollow in Damascus / Alvarodo area” of Washington County, Virginia





 Jay Vestal Family Bible 


This page is marked Births, but it records the birth of Thomas Jefferson and the deaths of Priscilla A and James R. (who died of a wound and amputation in the Civil War)


This page marked Births records the births of Simon, Nancy Ann, Elizabeth Jane, Pricilla A, Neal H, Frances Caroline, Dorcas, and James R. Vestal 


This page marked Deaths records the death of Jay Vestal in 1848 and Hannah’s birth in 1810.



Vestal Pottery

The pottery shown below was not made by one of our direct Vestal ancestors, but they do show the type of pottery they would have made. The Wooten family, into which Clark A. South (CE South’s father) married, were also potters. Jay Vestal’s nephew Jessee is the most important potter to collectors, perhaps, but many members of the family, including Jay and his brothers, were potters.

Here is a link to a very good article from A! Magazine for the Arts about collecting pottery from SW Virginia that mentions the Vestals and shows examples of their work.




This signed and dated (1889) Jesse Vestal jar fetched $1920 at auction







A quote from an auction site handling Vestal pottery:

Early Washington County, Virginia stoneware preserving jar signed and dated in script, Jesse Vestal 1879. 7 7/8" H. Note: Jesse/Jessee Vestal (born 1828 North Carolina-died 1904 Virginia) is known for his beautifully incised script on pottery. His family appears to have been in Washington Co. VA by 1833. In the 1850 census he is listed as still living with his parents. Both Jesse and his father are recorded as farmers. However, his most famous piece of pottery, a jug with a poem on it, is dated 1849. This jug is owned by the William King Regional Arts Center in Abingdon, refer to LEGACY IN CLAY: POTTERY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, VIRGINIA, William King Regional Arts Center, Abingdon, VA and GREAT ROAD STYLE: THE DECORATIVE ARTS LEGACY OF SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA AND EAST TENNESSEE, Betsy K. White. While Jesse’s father is listed as a farmer in the 1850 Population Census, he appears as the only potter in the 1850 Schedule of Manufactures for Washington Co. (Source: Potters on the Holston prepared by C. Espenshade). Jesse married into the Miller family of potters. At least one of his sons became a potter. Research courtesy of Carole Wahler. Provenance: Property of a private Virginia collection.




The Jessee Vestal Poem Jug from the William King Museum in Abingdon, VA

Here is a quote from the museum program about their Vestal pot:

Born in 1828, Jessee Vestal was a Washington County, VA, potter in the Great Road tradition, best known for his large, inscribed stoneware vessels. One of his most important works dates to 1849 and was the first piece acquired by William King Museum of Art as part of its Cultural Heritage Collection.
This brandy stoneware jug, in particular, is considered Jessee’s masterpiece because of its elegance, as well as the incised script carved on its surface. In January of this year, the “Poem Jug” was displayed in the Backcountry Makers exhibit, which was based on local Appalachian heritage scholar Betsy K. White’s book of the same name. The poem reads:
Long and lazy
little and loud
fair and foolish
dark and proud
a splendee branda jug
 [This made me wonder if it were the creator and not the creation Jesse Vestal was thinking of.]


Priscilla Adeline Vestal (1836-1863) great great grandmother We have fourteen explained DNA matches with the common ancestor given as Clark South & Priscilla Adeline Vestal

Priscilla Adeline Vestal was the fourth of nine (ten?) children born to Jay and Hannah Johnson Vestal, born in 1836. She appears to be at home with her mother Hannah as head of the household in the 1850 census along with seven siblings. Although no occupation is listed, Hannah made a living spinning thread and Simon, who was known as a potter, might have been contributing to the family income as well as Priscilla’s older sisters Nancy and Elizabeth. Priscilla married Clark Albert South, CE South’s father, in 1856. In the 1860 census they are living in the “Western District” of Washington County, Virginia, with their post office listed as Abingdon. The 1860 census shows the new family of Clark, Priscilla, Julia, and Charles Emmett South. A year later Marion Manassas “Nass” South was born. We will learn much more about Clark South when I am able to finish the Souths after Edmund South with assistance from Betty South’s trove of information and records, but we know that Clark enlisted in the Confederate Army 1862 and was taken prisoner, only to be released in 1865, two years after Priscilla Adeline had died. [When I think of Priscilla, I always think of my mother, Clyde railroad telegrapher in 1944, not 20 years old, getting a message one night about her new husband Dan being taken POW in Germany. Poignant.]




The picture above is the gravestone for Priscilla Adeline Vestal South, spelled Percilla on it. My Vestal correspondents, the Sells and the Millers, go up to Zion Cemetery, now mostly overgrown, and work to clean the stones and rescue them from nature's encroaching. Our thanks to them for their care.


                  RESOURCES

I found the following resources available for search on Ancestry.com useful: Seventeenth Century Colonial Ancestors, Vol.1, History of Chester County, Pennsylvania: with genealogical and biographical sketches, Colonial and Revolutionary Families of Pennsylvania; genealogical and personal memoirs by John Jordan, 1911, The Washingtons and Their Homes by John Wayland, 1944, U.S. and International Marriage Records, 1560-1900, their census records and more.
,
I used Wikipedia to get an overview of Quakers

http://vestals.us/ Good website for information about the Vestal family with good documentation.

http://vestals.us/asaintvw.html Link to online version of Asa Vestal’s 1862 pamphlet on the Vestal family.

http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/portal/communities/pa-heritage/our-first-friends-early-quakers.html Pennsylvania Heritage Society page with information on Quakers in Pennsylvania.


https://archive.org/details/historyoflowersh00norr/page/n8 Online version of History of the lower Shenandoah Valley counties of Frederick, Berkeley, Jefferson, and Clarke, their early settlement and progress to the present time…” by J.E. Norris and published in 1890.

https://archive.org/details/fromwhencewecame00cane Text of From Whence We Came a sesquibicentennial remembrance book from 1942 on Cane Creek Monthly Meeting. This has information on the counties where Vestals lived.

https://archive.org/details/canecreekmothero01teag/page/8 online version of Cane Creek: Mother of Meetings by Bobbie T. Teague, published by the Cane Creek Monthly Meeting of Friends, 1995.

http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~ginnyb/genealogy/ A good starting place for Vestal research.

https://www.genealogy.com/ftm/b/l/a/Drew-Blaha-NC/GENE3-0006.html#CHILD9 Online source for a very well documented genealogy of the Vestals.

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